
Class (j L VT 

Book ' 8 

Cop\Tlg!it'N°._ 



COFU^IGHT DB^POSm 



ii 



325 GROUP CONTESTS FOR THE 
ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 



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THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 

NEW YORK • BOSTON • CHICAGO • DALLAS 
ATLANTA • SAN FRANCISCO 

MACMILLAN & CO., Limited 

LONDON • BOMBAY • CALCUTTA 
MELBOURNE 

THE MACM^Ll^AN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd. 

TORONTO 



325 

GROUP CONTESTS 

FOR THE 

ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 



BY 

WILLIAM J. pROMIE 

INSTRUCTOR IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
DIRECTOR OF THE SUMMER SCHOOL COURSES IN PHYSI- 
CAL EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY^ OF PENNSYLVANIA 
AUTHOR OF "KEEPING PHYSICALLY FIT,^' "MEDICINE 
BALL EXERCISES," "SINGLE STICK EXERCISES," ETC. 



i 



THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 
•,;i: 1918 

All rights reserved 






COPTRIGHT, 1918, 

By the MACMILLAN COMPANY. 



Set up and electrotyped. Published October, 1918. 



Xortoooti Press 

J. S. Gushing Co. — Berwick & Smith Co 

Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. 



NOV -6 m 

■^CI.A506470 



0^0 



PREFACE 

This book is the outgrowth of over twenty 
years of experience in teaching group games 
and contests in the Young Men's Christian 
Association and College. For the past ten 
years I have used all of the matter herein con- 
tained, in some form or other, for constantly 
increasing numbers in gymnastic classes in 
the University of Pennsylvania. Last winter 
many of the contests were used with beneficial 
results in connection with the coiu^se in MiUtary 
Athletics for the nine companies of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania Reserved Officers Train- 
ing Corps. I have more recently been ap- 
pointed by the War Department Commission 
on Training Camp Activities to act as an 
instructor of athletic officers in group games 
and contests in the Camps, and the material 
in this book will form a basis of the work. 

Most of the games in this book may be played 
in the various Cantonment Camps. Some of 
the contests are, however, of too complex a 



VI PREFACE 

nature to be conducted in the Camps on ac- 
count of the short time available for work and 
the inexperience of recruits in the Army. The 
book is compiled, in order that not only the 
Army and Navy, but also the School and Col- 
lege, the Y. M. C. A., Boy Scouts, Boys' Clubs, 
Settlements, Playground, Industrial Centers 
and kindred organizations may have a ready 
reference book. 

This is an age of contests. The contests of 
to-day are conducted in order to give physical, 
mental and spiritual fitness. It is necessary 
that we be efficient in our tripartite makeup, 
so that we may be better able to withstand 
and overcome the foes of liberty, justice and 
righteousness. 

Physical fitness is the prime requisite in 
military and naval life. As all business and 
no play makes men dull, so all military training 
and no recreation renders soldiers dull and 
inert. Recreational activity in the form of 
group contests, such as explained in this book, 
is a pleasant and profitable form of diversion 
in contrast to the exacting business of war. 

A properly conducted contest also becomes 



PREFACE Vii 

a conquest for the better-equipped team or 
army. A group contest then has a twofold 
purpose. It gives physical fitness and creates 
a desire for conquest or victory. The desire 
for physical power and conquest should be 
cultivated in the life of every soldier and sailor. 

In the compilation of these games I have 
selected contests which are fundamental in 
principle; basic movements in physical edu- 
cation, such as running, leaping, falling, dodg- 
ing and climbing. Men are taught to over- 
come obstacles and handle one another, by 
being tossed in various ways. The soldier 
and sailor should be familiar with exercises 
which require a knowledge of how to fall with 
the minimum of danger to life and limb. In 
short, the civilian, as well as the military man, 
should know how to run swiftly, leap with pre- 
cision, keep cool under all conditions and think 
quickly. 

My hearty thanks are due the members of 
the University of Pennsylvania Gymnasium 
classes, who posed for the photographs, and to 
Mr. W. Vivian Chappel of Philadelphia, the 
photographer. 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

File Relay Races 1 

Hopping Relay Races . . . . . .11 

Rope Races 18 

Hoop Races . 18 

Man Lifting Relays 27 

Potato or Wooden Block Relay . . . .31 

Shuttle Relays . . . . . . .34 

Double Shuttle Relay Races . . . .41 

Medicine Ball Passing 43 

Rope Swinging Relays 47 

Vaulting Relay Races 49 

Progressive Relay Races 52 

Hopping 55 

Run with Medicine Ball or Other Object . 59 

Run and Throw Ball 61 

Progressive Relay Ball-Throwing Races . . 62 
Man Carrying Relay Races . . . .66 

Double Carrying Relay 70 

ix 



X CONTENTS 

PAOE 

Skin the Snake Relay 72 

The Steel Wand or Gun Used as a Horizontal 

Bar 80 

Wands or Guns Used as Parallel Bars . . 86 

Broom Stick Progressive Relay Races . . 89 
Progression or Building Up df the Single Stick 

Movements . . . . . . .95 



\ 



325 GROUP CONTESTS FOR THE 
ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 



325 GROUP CONTESTS FOR THE 
ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 



FILE RELAY RACES 

The company or class is lined up in file 
formation, with any number of files and any 
number of men in each line. From ten to 
fifteen men in each file is the best number, as 
it takes too long to run races when the number 
is greater. Each file should contain the same 
mlmber of men in order that all lines shall 
have an equal chance. 

Race Number 1. 

The first race, as illustrated in Figure 1, is 
an ordinary forward run, each man at the head 
of the file starting from A. Each contestant 
runs to B, tags the line, returns on the sprint, 
tags the person at the head of the line (A), 




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FILE RELAY RACES 3 

and goes to the rear of the line. The person 
who was tagged repeats the race, and so on 
till the starter again heads the line. 

The contestant at the head of the line should 
be marked in order to keep better tabs on the 
winning file. This may be done by tying a 
ribbon around an arm, or by wearing a special 
piece of clothing. It is well to have a scorer 
in all races, as an incentive to encourage com- 
petition. An excellent method of scoring is 
three points for first, two for secondhand one for 
third. The score should be announced after 
each race, so that each team or file may know 
its standing. If the contest is interclass or 
company, more winning lines may be added, 
for instance five places, scoring 5 — 4 — 3 — 2 
— 1 respectively. 

Starting the race may be accomplished by 
the method employed in athletics : " Get on 
four mark, get set, go!'' Instead of saying 
^^go, " clapping the hands for a small class 
Stid using a pistol for a large company are effec- 
tive. A whistle may be used with good results. 
A short blow for ^^on the mark,'' two short 
toots for ^^get set," and one long blast for ^^ go." 



4 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

In all races the contestants should be taught to reahze 
that cheating is reprehensible and will not be tolerated. 
In many of these contests, especially where obstacles must 
be overcome, there is an opportunity to ^^fake'' the exer- 
cise and thus win the race. Each individual must perform 
the exercise to the best of his ability, even if it results in 
the loss of the race. The youth in school or college must 
play fair, or he may form the habit of resorting to ques- 
tionable tactics in the great ganie of life. The soldier and 
sailor must play as he is told, as obedience is the first law 
in the army and navy. Again, if he is fair in his game life, 
he will be more Ukely to be fair in the stern occupation of 
fighting. 

In the contest, the rimner must go to the objective 
point or goal and the next in line must not '^steaV^ but 
wait until tagged. A good way to overcome steahng is to 
have the runner carry an Indian club, baton, American 
flag, eraser, bean bag or other object and not cross the line 
until the object is received. 

Race Number 2. 

Race Number Two is performed the same as 
is the first contest. At the command '^go^' 
the person at the head of each file makes a 
left turn and runs sideward to the objective 
point. The left foot is crossed in front of the 
right, see {A) Figure 2; then step sideward 
with the right and so on till the goal is reached. 
The return is a forward sprint. 




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6 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

3. Left turn and run sideward, leading with 
the left foot in rear as in position (B) Figure 2. 

4. Left turn and combine (A) and (J5). 
Run sideward, left foot crossed in front of 
right, step sideward with right, left foot crossed 
in rear of right, step sideward right and con- 
tinue. Figure 2. 

5. Right turn and run as in (A) Figure 2. 

6. Right turn and run as in (B) Figure 2. 

7. Right turn and combine A and B, Figure 2. 
Instead of the forward sprint on the return 

the runner may run sideward without a change 
of face. He would then use the opposite side 
on the return. 

8. At the start of this race the runner per- 
forms an about face (Figure 2, position C) and 
runs backward to the goal. Return by run- 
ning forward. The student or cadet should 
be cautioned not to lean too far backward as 
the tendency is to become overbalanced and 
fall. 

Quite a few races may be used in which back- 
ward running is employed, as every one can 
run forward, whereas few can run backward 
swiftly without falling. In the first fast back- 



FILE RELAY RACES 7 

ward race among students about one in fifteen 
falls. 

The cadet should become adept in backward 
running in order to retreat while fighting if 
necessary and maintain a perfect poise. 

9. Run forward as in (D) Figure 2 and raise 
the knees forward. Raise each knee till the 
thigh is horizontal. 

10. Run forward and raise each foot alter- 
nately backward. Keep the knees well back. 
Touch each instep with the hand while running. 

11. Run with the body bent forward. The 
hands should swing below the knees. The 
tendency in this race is to fall forward. This 
is an excellent exercise for the soldier and sailor, 
as he must often run this way in the service. 
Figure 3 (A). 

12. Run with the body bent backward. In 
this race the head is back and one cannot see 
how far one has gone. It develops judgment 
of distance. None but experienced runners 
should attempt this race. Figure 3 (B). 

13. Combine 11 and 12. Run four steps, 
body bent forward, then four, body bent back- 
ward. Some of these races are quite amusing 



FILE RELAY RACES 9 

and the boys enjoy themselves while working 
hard. Any work in the garb of play will prove 
profitable. If one makes a noise like an Indian 
in this race, a program is started which looks 
and sounds like a rout of the Huns. 

14. The photographer and subject in Figure 3 
— (C) failed to act together. The contestant 
runs halfway to the objective line, jumps in the 
air with the knees back as in Figure 2 — (E) 
and touches the insteps in the rear, then runs 
to the line, returns and tags the next person. 
The knees are well back and the chest out 
strong. 

15. Run and perform the same jump in the 
middle of the course three times without a 
beat or pause between each jump. 

16. Run and in the middle of the course 
jump and touch the toes in front as in Figure 3 
(D). Raise the legs as high as possible and 
do not bend at the knees. 

17. The same with three jumps in the center, 
without a pause between the jumps. This is an 
excellent abdominal exercise. 

18. When the middle of the course is reached, 
jump and execute a half right or left turn, 



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FILE RELAY RACES 11 

touching toes as in (D), then run backward till 
the line is crossed ; return sprinting forward. 

19. Run and perform a full right turn while 
in the air as in Figure 3 — (E). 

20. Perform the same with a full left turn. 
*It is difficult to keep one's balance in this turn. 

HOPPING RELAY RACES 

21. Raise the right leg, hop on the left foot ; 
raise left, hop on right. Run forward on the 
return trip, Figure 4 — A. 

22. Raise right knee, hop on left foot ; raise 
left knee, hop on right foot. Figure 4 — (B). 

23. Raise right leg backward, hop on left 
foot ; raise left, hop on right. Figure 4 — (C). 

24. Raise right arm obliquely-fore-upward, 
left arm and leg backward raise and hop on 
right foot. Perform the same with a hop on 
left foot. Alternate these two till the goal is 
reached, Figure 4 — (D). 

25. Hop on left foot, hold left leg forward as 
in (A), Figure 4, throughout. In this and the 
following eleven races the course should not be 
more than fifteen yards as the races are difficult. 

26. The same and hop on right foot. 



FILE RELAY RACES 13 

27. Hop on left foot, knee up as in (B) 
throughout. 

28. Same and hop on right foot. 

29. Hold the position as in (C) and hop on 
left foot. 

30. Same on right foot. 

31. Hold the position as in (D) and hop on 
right foot. 

32. Same on left foot. 

33. Hold right foot backward, as in (E) 
Figure 4, hop on left foot. 

34. Same, holding left foot with hand (E), 

35. Hold left foot forward as in (F) Figure 4, 
hop on right foot. 

36. Same, holding right foot (F). 

All positions in Figure 4 may be performed 
by hopping on the right foot during the first 
half of the race and return hopping on the left. 
It makes a more difficult race. 

37. Run on all fours as in (A) Figure 5. 
Sprint on the return in this and other positions 
in Figure 5. 

38. Run in the squat or full bent knee posi- 
tion as in (B), Figure 5. Keep the trunk erect. 

39. Run in the elephant walk position. 



FILE RELAY RACES 15 

Keep the arms and legs straight, Figure 5 — 

40. Place the hands on the ground, hop on 
the left foot with the right leg raised backward. 
Figures— (i)). 

41. Same, and hop on right foot. 

42. Place hands on ground and hop with 
feet between hands (frog jump). Figure 5 — 
(E). 

43. The same with feet outside of hands. 

44. Alternate 42 and 43. 

45. Run forward on hands and feet as in 
(F) Figure 5. 

46. Run backward as in (F) Figure 5 — 
(Crab race). 

The distance of the races in B, E and F 
should be short, as they are quite difficult. 

47. Run and perform a forward roll in center 
of course, tag goal and return on the sprint. 
Keep doubled up during the roll, with chin 
and knees to the chest. Figure 6 — A. See 
Figure 15. 

48. Forward roll as in A, then jump and 
touch toes in rear as in position C, Figure 3, and 
continue race. 



16 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

49. Forward roll, and touch toes front, as in 
D, Figure 3. 

50. Forward roll, and full turn right or left, 
as in Ej Figure 3. 

51. Run to center, half turn and backward 
roll as in B, Figure 6, finish the race by running 
forward. 

52. Rue backward, backward roll, run back- 
ward until the goal is reached, run forward on 
the return. 

53. Run to center, fall forward as in C, 
Figure 6, body rigid, jump to feet and con- 
tinue. See Figure 23 — C. 

54. Fall forward as in C, slap chest with 
both hands while in front-leaning-rest position, 
jump to feet and run. 

55. The same and slap the chest three times 
in succession. 

56. Run to center, rise on toes, arms over 
head, one half turn right or left and fall 
forward as in Z), Figure 5 (stage fall), run 
forward. 

57. The same and after fall, run backward. 



18 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

ROPE RACES 

58. Run to center of course, swing and jump 
the rope forward as in Figure 7 — position A, 
three times. Run to goal, return and hand 
the rope to the person at the head of the file. 

59. Run forward to the center, swing the 
rope backward and jump three times. Figure 
7 — B. 

60. Jump or skip the rope forward three 
times, Figure 7 — A, during the run before the 
goal is reached. 

61. Run forward and swing the rope back- 
ward as in B three times. This is difficult. 

62. Run backward as in C Figure 7 and 
swing the rope backward three times. 

63. Run backward and swing the rope for- 
ward, as in D, three times. This is very difficult. 

Many other rope races may be included, 
such as hopping on one foot, then the other, 
swing the rope twice during each jump, etc. 

HOOP RACES 

64. Run and put the hoop over the head 
and take it from beneath the feet as in 4, Figure 
8, without a pause. 



20 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

65. Run and start the hoop beneath the feet 
as in Figure 8 — B, 

66. Sit in the hoop and waddle to goal. 
Return sprinting. 

67. The man at the head of the line goes 
to the center of the course and holds the hoop 
as in C. At the command ^^go'^ the person at 
the head of the line runs, crawls through the 
hoop, tags the goal line, returns and takes the 
hoop. The man who held the hoop runs to 
file, touches his man and goes to the rear. 

68. Run and crawl through the hoop, turn 
left, run around man holding hoop and run to 
goal. Finish as in 67. 

69. Run and crawl through hoop backward 
as in Z), Figure 8. 

70. Run, fall forw^ard rigid. Figure 6 — C, and 
crawl through hoop forward. 

71. The first man in the hne bends forward, 
as in A, Figure 9. When the race is started 
the man at the head of the line runs and 
straddles over the bent man, runs to goal, re- 
turns, tags bent man and takes his place. The 
man who was bent returns and tags the next 
man in line and goes to the rear. In order to 



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22 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

secure a steady base, the bottom man steps 
forward with left foot, places both hands on 
left knee and bends forward as in A, Figure 9. 
In all the contests where a man is stationed in 
the center of the course the races are run in 
this manner. 

72. Run, straddle over kneeling man, per- 
form a half right or left turn and run back- 
ward to goal. 

73. Run, straddle over kneeling man. The 
kneeling man quickly faces other way (see 
arrow) straddle again, then faces as in A with 
another straddle and runs to goal. Three 
straddles in quick succession. 

74. Man kneeling on hands and knees, the 
runner rolls over. It is necessary to keep the 
arms straight and hands close to kneeling man. 
The bottom man may assist by humping his 
back while top man is rolling over. This is a 
very amusing race as many fail to get over at 
the first trial. Figure 9 — B. 

75. Bottom man stands as in A, Figure 9, 
facing as in B. The runner rolls sideward 
over the bottom man's back. 

76. Run, and dive over the kneeling man as 



FILE RELAY RACES 23 

in C, Figure 9. The man who dives should 
double up as in the front roll and not dive too 
far. 

77. Run, and crawl under the kneeling man 
as in Figure 9 — D. The bottom man may 
stand on the hands and feet as in C, Figure 5. 

78. Roll over as in 5, then crawl under as in 
D, facing opposite direction. 

79. Run, and head spring from kneeling 
man's back. 

80. Run, advancing medicine ball with the 
feet, or by kicking, as in A, Figure 10. Both 
going and returning. 

81. While running pass the ball around the 
waist from front to front as in 5, Figure 10. 

82. Run holding ball back of head, as in 
Figure 11 — A. 

83. Run, balancing ball in the right hand. 
This is very much more difficult than it appears 
in the illustration. Figure 10 — C 

84. Balance ball in the left hand. 

85. Run backward, balancing ball in either 
hand. 

86. Run, body bent forward, and carry ball 
as in Figure 10 — D. 



FILE RELAY RACES 25 

87. Put the ball as you would a shot, then 
try to beat it to the goal. It must pass the 
goal line. If it fails to reach the goal it must 
be pushed along till it does. This requires 
judgment as to distance. Many put the ball 
too far and so have a greater distance to run. 
Figure 10 — ^. 

88. Run, put the ball from the chest and 
try to beat it to the goal line. 

89. Run and throw it from the back of the 
head, Figure 11 — A, and try to beat it to the 
goal line. 

90. The same and throw it from arms ex- 
tended at right side of the body. Figure 18 (B). 

91. The same, left side of body. 

92. From arms extended over head. Figure 
11 (C). 

93. Throw the ball while running as in 
Figure 10 — D, 

94. From position E, Figure 25, throw the 
ball and endeavor to beat it to the goal line. 

95. Run, holding ball back of head as in 
A — Figure 1 1 . 

96. Run, holding ball in small of back as in 
B — Figure 11. 




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FILE RELAY RACES 27 

97. Run backward, holding ball over head as 
in C — Figure 11. 

98. A man stands in the center of the course 
facing class or company. The man at the 
head of the class when started runs around the 
center man, as in D — Figure 11, and hands 
him the ball in front. As soon as the station- 
ary man receives the ball he runs around his 
man, tags the goal line, returns to class and 
hands ball to man next in line. 

99. The runner crawls between the legs of 
the stationary man and hands him the ball in 
front. As soon as the stationary man receives 
the ball he runs around the man from whom 
he received it and proceeds as in 98. 

In the last two races if medicine balls are not 
available, a coat formed into a ball and tied by 
the sleeves will serve the purpose. A pillow in 
the form of a ball stuffed with hay, straw, felt or 
old cloth will also answer the purpose. Stones 
weighing five or six pounds may be used. 

MAN LIFTING RELAYS 

100. The first man in each file lies on his 
back in the center of the course with his head 








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FILE RELAY RACES 29 

toward the class or company. At the com- 
mand ^^ start/ ^ the man at the head of the 
hne runs and grasps the man who is in a supine 
position by the back of the neck and raises 
him to his feet. The man who was raised 
runs to the goal line and returns to tag the 
man at the head of the class. Immediately 
upon raising his man the lifter lies on his back. 
The person lifted must keep stiff or rigid. 
The temptation to bend at the waist line is 
quite strong. Figure 12 — A, 

101. In this race the man after being raised 
falls forward as in B, Figure 12, keeping stiff 
throughout. The lifter then takes his place. 
Proceed in the race as in 100. See Figure 23 
for detailed movement. 

102. After the lift and fall as in the pre- 
ceding race, the racer slaps his chest or claps 
his hands while in position B and runs as ex- 
plained in 100. 

103. After being lifted from the supine posi- 
tion, forward roll, as in C, Figure 12. 

104. Lie on back with feet toward class, 
palms of hands on floor, lift man by feet to 
staDding position. Keep body stiff. 



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FILE RELAY RACES 31 

105. The same and run backward. 

106. Lie on back with the feet toward class 
as in D, Figure 12. For the movement in 
detail see Figure 24. B grasps A by the ankles 
and raises him to position C, D then pushes 
the feet of C away, who alights on the mat. 
The body is kept stiff throughout. Perform 
100 race, roll on back and perform 106. 

107. Perform 100, roll on back, perform 106, 
run backward. 

108. Perform a back roll and run backward. 

POTATO OR WOODEN BLOCK RELAY 

109. The first man in the file takes one 
block and runs to the first or second line 
and places the block on the line as in A, Figure 
13. He then returns, gets the other block and 
places it on the remaining vacant line or circle, 
tags the next man and goes to the rear. The 
second man picks up the blocks one at a time 
as in B. Blocks are preferable to potatoes, 
as they do not roll and are always on hand. 

110. The Spoon and Potato Relay is a 
variation of the above and is run the same. 
The idea is to balance the potato on the 



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FILE RELAY RACES 33 

spoon. This race appeals to girls more than 
to boys. 

111. Club Up Relay. Run and take club 
from the near circle and place it in the far 
circle as in C, Figure 13. The second man 
takes the club from the far circle and places 
it in the near circle (D). If the club falls the 
runner must return and make the club stand. 

112. With two clubs, one in each circle, 
conduct the race the same as in 109 (block 
relay) . 

113. Forward Roll and Set Up Club. 
Roll in the center and set club on the far circle 
as in D, Figure 13. The second man takes the 
club from the far circle as in D and rolls for- 
ward on the return trip. 

114. Backward roll and set up club. Same 
as 113. 



II 

SHUTTLE RELAYS 

In the shuttle races, the contestants in each 
team or file are divided into two equal squads 
as in A and B, Figure 14. In A there should 
be but four men. A runs and tags B and 
goes to the rear of the B file. As soon as B 
is tagged, he runs and tags the man at the 
head of the A file and goes to the rear. The 
men continue successively till all have com- 
pleted. The file which changes from one side 
of the course to the other first is declared the 
winner. {A and B files change places.) 

115. Run forward, as in Figure 1. A in 
Figure 14 runs to B, and B upon being tagged 
runs to A, 

116. Run sideward, as in Figure 2 A. 

117. Run sideward, as in Figure 2 B. 

118. Run backward, as in Figure 2 C. 

34 



SHUTTLE RELAYS 35 

119. Run forward, with alternate raising of 
knees, Figure 2 D. 

120. Run forward, with alternate raising of 
feet backward, Figure 2 E, 

121. Run, body bent forward. Figure 3 A. 

122. Run, body bent backward. Figure 3 B, 

123. Combine 121 and 122. Take four 
steps between each bend. 

124. Hopping. Alternate hopping on right 
and left foot. Figure 4 A. 

125. Alternate hopping on right and left 
foot. Figure 4 B. 

126. Alternate hopping on right and left 
foot. Figure 4 C. 

127. Alternate hopping on right and left 
foot. Figure 4 D. 

128. Alternate hopping on right and left 
foot. Figure 4 E. 

129. Alternate hopping on right and left 
foot. Figure 4 F. 

In 128 and 129 exercises, touch the foot in- 
stead of holding it. 

130. Hop on right foot, as in Figure 4 A. 

131. Hop on left foot, as in Figure 4 A. 

132. Hop on right foot, as in Figure 4 B. 



SHUTTLE RELAYS 37 

133. Hop on left foot, as in Figure 4 B. 

134. Hop on right foot, as in Figure 4 (7. 

135. Hop on left foot, as in Figure 4 C, I 

136. Hop on right foot, as in Figure 4 D. 

137. Hop on left foot, as in Figure 4 D. I 

138. Hop on right foot, as in Figure 4 E. * 

139. Hop on left foot, as in Figure 4 E. 

140. Hop on right foot, as in Figure 4 F. 

141. Hop on left foot, as in Figure 4 F. 

142. Run on all fours, as in Figure 5 A. 

143. Squat run, as in Figure 5 B. 

144. Elephant run, as in Figure 5 C. 

145. Hop, as in Figure 5 D. 

146. Hop, feet between hands, as in Figure 
5E, 

147. Hop, feet outside of hands, as in Figure 
5E. 

148. Combine 146 and 147. 

149. Crab race forward, as in Figure 5 F. 

150. Crab race backward, as in Figure 5 F. 

151. Perform a front roll, as in Figure 6 A. J 
The roll is somewhat difficult for the novice, 

although if one keeps the body well doubled > 

up it should not be much of a task. Place 
the hands on the floor as in J5, Figure 15, roll 



SHUTTLE RELAYS 39 

forward as in C, and grasp the knees as in D, 
which should bring one to the feet. Put the 
weight of the body on the hands. A roll is a 
necessary exercise and may one day prevent 
one's neck from being broken. 

152. Run forward; i turn right or left, back 
roll as in B, Figure 6. 

153. Run backward and backward roll. 

154. Run, fall rigid to the floor, Figure 6 (C). 

155. Same and slap chest or clap hands. 

156. Advance ball with foot, as in Figure 10 
A. 

157. Carry ball in small of back. Figure 11 B. 

158. Circle ball around waist while running. 
Figure 10 B. 

159. Run and balance ball in right hand. 
Figure 10 C. 

160. Run and balance ball in left hand. 
Figure 10 C. 

161. Run with body bent forward. Figure 10 
D. 

162. Run with ball back of head, as in 
Figure 11 A. 

163. Run backward with ball over head, as 
in Figure 11 C. 



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SHUTTLE RELAYS 41 

DOUBLE SHUTTLE RELAY RACES 

' For the want of a better term, I have called 
the following contests ^^ Double Shuttle Re- 
lay Races/' These are the same as the 
ordinary shuttle races, except that both A and 
B, as in Figure 16, start at the same time, in- 
stead of successively, and perform in the center 
of the course. All the exercises employed in 
115-150 inclusive may be performed in this 
manner. 

164. A and B, Figure 16, run to center, in- 
terlock right arm, full turn to the right as in C. 
Release right arm, interlock left arm and make 
a full left turn, release, run and tag man at 
the head of the opposite file from which start 
was made and go to the rear of the line. 

165. Interlock arms and hop, as in Fig. 4c A. 
Perform 165 and 172 inclusive, as described in 
164. 

166. Interlock arms and hop, as in Figure 4 B, 

167. Interlock arms and hop, as in Figure 4 (7. 

168. Interlock arms and hop, as in Figure 4 D. 

169. Interlock arms and hop, as in Figure 
4E. 



SHUTTLE RELAYS 43 

170. Interlock arms and hop, as in Figure 4 F, 

171 . Interlock arms and hop, as in Figure 5 B, 

172. Interlock feet and perform, as in Figure 
14 C. 

MEDICINE BALL PASSING 

173. Over Head Relay. These relays are 
popular with all classes. The file may stand 
in close formation or one pace interval. Start 
the ball from the front as in A and pass it as 
quickly as possible to the rear. As soon as 
the rear man receives it he runs forward (see 
arrow) marked A and starts it over again. 
The rule of the race is that every player must 
touch the ball. Announce to the class or com- 
pany that all rear men must return in either 
the right or left lanes in order to avoid conges- 
tion or collision. In this race there is a strong 
temptation on the part of some to throw the 
ball, and so miss several men in the file. This 
should not be allowed, as it tends to demor- 
alize the game. 

174. At the command ^^go'' pass the ball 
back between the legs. The man at the head 
of the file should keep up to the line as the 



44 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

tendency is to keep moving backward. Figure 
18 A, Stones weighing five to ten pounds may 
be used. 

175. Start the ball under. The rear man 
brings it forward and starts it under. The ball 
is passed over head to the rear of the line. It 
is then passed between the feet to the rear. 
This is called under and over. 

176. Pass the ball to the right as in B, 
Figure 18. 

177. Pass the ball to the left as in J5, Fig- 
ure 18. 

178. The head man passes the ball to the 
right as in B, the next man in Une returns it 
left to the front man. The front man passes 
it to the right to the second man, and so on 
in succession till it reaches the rear man. 

179. The same starting the ball to the left 
side. 

180. Pass the ball between the legs, around 
the right leg and back between the legs to the 
second man. Figure 18 (C). 

181. Same left. 

182. Around right leg, left leg, then between 
legs to the next man. 



SHUTTLE RELAYS 45 

183. Alternate under and over. 

The first man passes the ball between the 
legs, the next over head and so on successively 
to the rear. Figure 18 — D. 

184. Over, under and over. The first man 
in line passes the ball over head to the next. 
As soon as the second man receives the ball 
he returns it between the legs of the first man, 
The first man then passes it over head. This 
is done successively till it reaches the rear. 
This game requires high coordination at first 
and is an excellent exercise. 

It takes so long to send the ball to the rear 
in exercises 178 and 184 inclusive that these 
races may end when the rear man brings the 
ball front instead of the relay method as de- 
scribed in 173. 

A novel relay is a game played with the 
basket ball. Each file must have a ball. 
The object of the contest is to pass the basket 
ball over or under, the last man then tries to 
shoot a goal in the basket ball ring. There 
are two methods of scoring ; each rear person 
upon receiving the ball is allowed one throw for 
the goal and each goal counts one point. The 



I 



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SHUTTLE RELAYS 47 

other way is to throw till each person makes 
a goal and time is the determining factor. 

ROPE SWINGING RELAYS 

The climbing rope is usually confined to the 
gymnasium and playground, and then not in 
great numbers. It should be, however, utilized 
whenever possible for races in which swinging 
is combined with climbing. The art of han- 
dling one's self on the rope may save life in case 
of fire. Several ropes should be available on 
board ship for these races. The rope is as 
necessary on the gymnasium floor or the play- 
ground as the horizontal bar. 

185. Run, jump, grasp rope and perform 
an ordinary swing as in J., Figure 19. Swing 
in a direct line or the second man must run 
out of his course. It requires judgment to 
get a rope while it is swinging. Swing forward 
and at the end of the return swing, dismount 
and run to next in class. Figure 19 A. 

186. Run, sit on the rope and swing as ex- 
plained in 185. The rope should have a 
secure knot about 18 to 24 inches from the 
floor. Figure 19 B. 



SHUTTLE RELAYS - 49 

187. Run, stand on the rope and swing. 
Figure 19 C. 

188. Run, grasp rope, turn over to back 
hang, hold position to end of return swing and 
dismount. Figure 19 Z). 

189. Make a full turn right or left while 
swinging. * 

190. Hand over hand, two, three or more 
counts while swinging. Figure 19 E'. 

VAULTING RELAY RACES 

Nearly every gymnasium is equipped with 
two or more vaulting bars, horses or bucks. 
The various vaults are rather difficult if per- 
formed while running and require some prac- 
tice before they should be attempted in relay 
racing. 

191. Run and perform a right flank vault, 
as in Figure 20 B. 

192. Run and perform a left flank vault, as 
in Figure 20 B. 

193. Run and perform a right front vault, 
as in Figure 20 A. 

194. Run and perform a left front vault, as 
in Figure 20 A. 

E 



SHUTTLE RELAYS 51 

195. Run and perform a right rear vault. 

196. Run and perform a left rear vault. 
In a flank vault the side of the body faces 

the bar while passing over it. In a front vault, 
the front of the body faces the bar, and the 
back is toward the bar while passing over in a 
rear vault. 

197. Run and execute a right wolf vault. 
Left foot between hands and right leg ex- 
tended to side as in Figure 20 D. 

198. Same left. 

199. Run and squat vault between the 
hands as in Figure 20 C. Run under the bar 
on the return trip as in C, Figure 34. 



Ill 

PROGRESSIVE RELAY RACES 

For want of a better term, I have called 
these contests ^^Progressive Relay Races/' 
They are conducted the same as the file and 
shuttle races, except that they are done pro- 
gressively. It is well to build up in progressive 
racing as the contestants are apt to become 
confused if performed as in Figure 22 using all 
stations. 

Commence as in Figure 21. The first man 
in each line takes his station at A. Without 
apparatus the next man who is marked D, 
runs forward and tags A and then remains 
on A goal line. A as soon as tagged returns 
and tags the next man at the head of the 
file. Build up the progressive race by start- 
ing with men stationed on A and B and con- 
duct as just explained. Finally station a man 
on A, B and C, as in Figure 22. 

Additional stations may be added, if it is 

52 




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54 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

deemed necessary, but usually three stations 
are sufficient. 

Explanation of Progressive Relay Race. 

These men in each file are stationed on B, 
C and Dj Figure 22, facing class or company. 
At the command '^go'' A runs forward and 
tags B, and remains on the B line, B when 
tagged sprints* to C and remains on the C hne, 
C runs and tags D and gets on the D line. 
T\Tien D is tagged he returns and tags the man 
at the head of the line (position marked A), and 
goes to the rear of the class. As soon as A is 
tagged the same program is repeated, and so 
on successively till the men who started on 
the D station get to the D station again when 
the race is finished. D has not completed the 
race when he gets to the head of the file. He must 
finish where he starts^ which is the D hne. 

200. Progressive relay forward, as explained 
in Figure 22. See Figure 1. 

201. Run sideward, as in Figure 2 A, 

202. Run sideward, as in Figure 2 B, 

203. Run backward, as in Figure 2 C 

204. Run forward, with alternate raising of 
knees, Figure 2 D. 



PROGRESSIVE RELAY RACES 55 

205. Run forward, with alternate raising of 
feet backward, Figure 2 E, 

206. Body bent forward, as in Figure 3 A. 

207. Body bent backward, as in Figure 3 B. 
Hopping (alternate). 

208. Alternate hopping on right and left 
foot, Figure 4 A. 

209. Alternate hopping on right and left 
foot. Figure 4 B. 

210. Alternate hopping on right and left 
foot, Figure 4 C. 

211. Alternate hopping on right and left 
foot. Figure 4 D. 

HOPPING 

212. Hop on right foot, as in Figure 4 A. 

213. Hop on left foot, as in Figure 4 A. 

214. Hop on right foot, as in Figure 4 B. 

215. Hop on left foot, as in Figure 4 B. 

216. Hop on right foot, as in Figure 4 C. 

217. Hop on left foot, as in Figure 4 C. 

218. Hop on right foot, as in Figure 4 D. 

219. Hop on left foot, as in Figure 4 D. 

220. Hop on right foot, as in Figure 4 E. 
Touch foot during hop. 



PROGRESSIVE RELAY RACES 57 

221. Hop on left foot, as in Figure 4 E, 
Touch foot during hop. 

222. Hop on right foot, as in Figure 4 F. 
Touch foot during hop. 

223. Hop on left foot, as in Figure 4 F. 
Touch foot during hop. 

224. Run on all fours, as in Figure 5 A. 

225. Squat run, as in Figure 5 J5. 

226. Elephant run, as in Figure 5 C, 

227. Hop, right leg rear, as in Figure 5 D. 

228. Hop, left leg rear, as in Figure 5 D. 

229. Hop, feet between hands, as in Figure 
5 E. 

230. Hop, feet outside of hands. 

231. Crab race forward, as in Figure 5 F. 

232. Crab race backward, as in Figure 5 F. 

233. Run and fall forward, body straight, as 
in Figure 23 C Break the fall by landing on 
the hands and bend the arms till the chest 
almost touches the ground. Jump to feet, 
tag man on station, who runs and repeats at 
next station. 

234. Perform 233 and after fall, slap chest 
with both hands or clap hands in front of 
chest, spring to feet and tag man. 



I 




PROGRESSIVE RELAY RACES 59 

235. The first three men in each file he on 
the back at their respective stations, head 
toward the class. At the command ^ ^ start ^' 
the first man in the class runs and hfts supine 
man by the neck as in A and B, Figure 23, who 
in turn runs and lifts the next man. As soon 
as the runner lifts his man he lies down. Keep 
the body stiff. 

236. Lift and fall forward, as in B and C, 
Figure 23. 

237. Lift, fall forward and slap chest. 

238. All three men lie on back with feet 
toward the class. B runs and lifts A by the 
feet, as in Figure 24, A and B to C position and 
pushes him to floor. 

239. Run front roll and tag man at first 
station. Repeat successively. 

240. Same, back roll. 

RUN WITH MEDICINE BALL OR 
OTHER OBJECT 

241 . Advance ball with foot, as in Figure 10 A. 

242. Carry ball in small of back, Figure 10 B. 

243. Circle ball around waist while running, 
Figure 11 5. 



PROGRESSIVE RELAY RACES 61 

244. Carry ball over head, Figure 25 E. 

245. Balance ball in right hand, Figure 10 C. 

246. Balance ball in left hand, Figure 10 C 

247. Run with body bent forward, Figure 10 
D. 

248. Run backward, ball over head. Figure 
11 C. 

249. Run with ball, circle around man at 
first station, as in Figure 112), and give him 
the ball. As soon as the man at the first 
station receives the ball, he makes a complete 
circle around the man from whom the ball 
was received and sprints to the next station. 
This progressive relay is a very interesting 
race. 

250. Crawl between legs and hand ball to 
the stationary man from the front (^ circle). 
Figure HE, The man who delivered the ball 
spreads the feet and the other crawls between 
his feet and runs to the next man. 

RUN AND THROW BALL 

251. A is stationed on the far goal line, as in 
Figure 21, B runs and throws the ball to A 
when the B line is reached, and continues on 



62 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

the run and stops on A line. When A catches 
the ball he runs and throws it from the C line 
to the man at the head of the class and then 
goes to the rear. The man who catches the 
ball should be well braced as it travels with 
considerable force. 

PROGRESSIVE RELAY BAL]>THROW- 
ING RACES 

Conduct races as illustrated in Figure 22. 

252. Bend forward as in A, Figure 25, throw 
the ball from between the feet to first station 
(B, Figure 22) then run and take the station of 
B. As soon as B catches it he bends and throws 
it in like manner to C, and so on successively 
till caught by D who runs, hands it to the 
head man A, Fig. 22, and goes to the rear. 

253. Throw ball from chest as explained in 
252, Figure 25 — B, 

254. Throw ball from floor, without bend- 
ing at knees. Figure 25 — C 

255. Throw ball from right hand. Figure 25 

— D. 

256. Throw ball from left hand, Figure 25 

— Z). 



64 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

257. Twist trunk right, Figure 18 — B, and 
throw ball. 

258. Twist trunk left, Figure 18 — 5, and 
throw ball. 

259. Throw ball from over head, Figure 25 
— E, 

260. Combine A forward bend and E back- 
ward bend and throw ball, Figure 25. 

High jumping and hurdling may be em- 
ployed in progressive relay races, see Figure 
28 — C. 

261. Full squat, Figure 26 — A, and throw 
ball from that position, run and take station 
of B. 

262. Throw ball from 5, Figure 26. 

263. Throw ball back between the legs. 
Figure 26 — C. 

264. Throw ball back over head, as in Figure 
26 — 2). 

265. Strike the ball with sufficient force 
with closed fist so that it will travel to next 
station. Figure 26 — E. 

266. Kick the ball as in F, Figure 26. 

The throwing of the medicine ball from 
various positions of the body is very popular 



66 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

among students, and is an excellent form of 
exercise. 

MAX CARRYING RELAY RACES 

267. Pick-a-back. At the command "go/' 
the second man in line gets on the back of the 
first man and is carried to the goal line. Figure 
28 — A, The burden bearer stays at the goal 
Une, while the person carried runs back and 
carries the next man^ till all are carried to the 
objective point. The files should be arranged 
according to weight, the heavy man in front. 
The person about to be carried should be careful 
and not jump on the back of the carrier and thus 
force him to the knees. The carrier should 
keep the body erect, as he is apt to become 
overbalanced if the body is bent forward. 

268. Carry the man as you would a sack of 
meal, over the shoulder. Figure 28 — B. 

269. Rescue Race. Wrist and Crotch 
Hold. This is illustrated under A, B, and C, 
Figure 27. Get the man high on the shoulder 
against the neck. In this race the left hand is 
free, in which one can carry a gun. It is good 
practice for soldiers. Reverse 267. Carry man 
pick-a-back in front. 



68 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

270. Carry man in front, arms supporting 
neck and thighs. 

In the army and navy jumping standards 
and hurdles are not available, so the hand may 
be employed, using anatomical parts of the 
body instead of the articles named. Figure 28 
(C). 

271. Run, and hurdle over the hand of a 
man stationed in the center of the course. 
Run to goal line, return and take the place of 
the human hurdle. Figure 28 — C 

272. Run, and jump over the hand held at 
the height of the thigh. 

273. Message Relay Races. 

The first man in each file is stationed at the 
far end of the course. A card with a message 
written on it is shown to A, Each message 
maybe different. At the command ^^go,^' he 
runs to the file and returns with the man at 
the head, whispering the message while on the 
run. He remains on the station from which 
he started, while the man to whom he gave the 
message returns and gives it to the next, and 
so on successively, till all are on the opposite 
side. The last man finishes at the station just 



70 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

vacated by the team. The cards are given to the 
instructor in charge and the messages must cor- 
respond to those on his cards. Figure 28 — D. 
This race requires perfect enunciation and 
acute hearing. About one half of the files 
among college students fail to deUver the cor- 
rect message the first time the relay is run. 
The percentage was much higher in this race 
among the cadets of the R. 0. T. C, which 
shows they are more careful in receiving and 
delivering messages. 

274. Forward Pass Relay. 

In Figure 28, F^ who stands several yards in 
advance of the team, snaps the ball back between 
the legs to E, F as soon as he delivers the ball 
to Ej starts backward and receives the ball 
from E when he reaches the position of F. 
He then runs to the goal line and returns, and 
throws it to the next man on the team, who goes 
through the same performance. F goes to the 
rear of the file. F is a shadow man. 

DOUBLE CARRYING RELAY 

275. At the command ^^go," the first two 
men at the head of the file make a seat with 



72 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

the hands, upon which the third man sits and 
is carried to the goal Hne. The man who 
headed the team remains at the goal line, the 
other two return on the run and carry the 
next man. This time the second man in the 
file remains at the goal, and so on, till all are 
carried over. 

It is difficult to make the seat quickly, so 
it is shown in progression in A, 5, and C 
A grasps the left wrist with the right hand. 
A and B do the same in B and are about to 
join hands. In C the seat is made. This is 
excellent practice for soldiers. ^ 

SKIN THE SNAKE RELAY 

276. Each man in the team puts his hand 
back between his legs as in Figure 30 — A. 
The hand is grasped by the person in his rear. 
At the command '*go, ^^ the rear end man lies 
on his back and still retains the grasp of the 
man in front. Each man as he hes down 
should keep his legs close against the body of 
the man in front, while the man going back- 
ward should run with the legs well apart. 
When all men in the file are down, as in B, the 



74 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

man at the rear of the hne (who headed the 
file) arises and the others successively (position 
^'A^^) and run forward, holding hands, to the 
objective goal line. The same hand should be 
grasped, either all right or all left. This is a 
Chinese race. 

277. Wheelbarrow Race. 

A grasps the ankles of B, and B runs on his 
hands to the goal. A and B then reverse posi- 
tions and return to the team, when the next 
two perform. Figure 31. 

278. Double Roll Race. Grasp ankles as 
in C and D, Figure 31, and roll to goal. Both 
return on the sprint, the next two then roll. 
The man on the floor, D, should keep the knees 
well apart and bring the feet in close to the 
hips during the rolL In advanced work, the 
men may roll forward to goal and return by 
doing the backward roll. 

279. Double Hop. E holds the foot of F 
and both hop to goal. Reverse the position 
and return to starting position, when the next 
two perform. 

280. Man Tossing Race or Bounding the 
Waves. Form double files, face inward and 







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76 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

hold hands as in A and B, Figure 32. The man 
to be tossed, who starts from the rear, hes on 
his back on the arms of A and B files, with 
arms folded and body stiff. (Toss the Stiff.) 
The two men in the rear end of the file catch 
the victim in order to prevent a headlong fall. 
As soon as the tossed man regains his feet he 
remains in the rear. The race is completed 
when A and B again reach the front. The 
game may be played with the victim lying on 
his face with arms extended. Lying on the 
back is more difficult. 

If there are twelve men in each file, twenty- 
four men will be tossed, and they will realize 
they have been working. Do not toss the man 
too high, and keep shoulder to shoulder. 

281. Rope or Stick Jumping Race. The 
man who heads the file C, and the next man D, 
Figure 32, each take an end of the rope and run 
to the rear, while the men in the file jump as 
the rope reaches them. C remains in the rear 
and D returns with the rope. D and the next 
man repeat the performance. D now remains 
in the rear. 

Start from the rear of the line. The men in the 



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78 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

line are unable to see the rope or stick, which 
makes the game dangerous. From the front 
jump with a half or full turn right or left. The 
race is popular with all classes. 

282. Pyramid or Elephant Race. The 
first five men in each file build a pyramid as in 
F, Figure 32. At the command ^^go/' each 
pyramid runs to the goal and returns, when 
the next pyramid starts. The second elephant 
is being built while the first is running. 

283. Pyramid Building Relay. Before the 
pyramid building race is attempted it should 
be practiced in class or company. 

The men in the files form in threes. From 
position A, Figure 33, on count one the second 
man steps left obliquely forward and both 
squat as in position J5. At the same time the 
third man places his hands on the shoulders of 
A and B. On count two the third man mounts 
on the thighs of A and B, and places his hands 
on the head of each. On count three the hands 
of lower men are grasped and the top man stands 
erect. On count four the top man dismounts 
forward and all take the starting position A. 
The command is now given for the front man 



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80 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

in each squad of threes to go to the rear. The 
pyramid is built again, after which the same 
command is given. In the three pyramids 
built each man takes all three positions. 

Race. At ihe command ^' start/' the first 
three in each file build the pyramid, dismount 
and run to the center, the front man takes the 
rear during the run. The pyramid is again 
built in the center of the course, then again at 
the goal line. All sprint back and the next 
three begin to build. 

THE STEEL WAND OR GUN USED AS 
A HORIZONTAL BAR 

284. The first two men in each file (A and 
B) take their place in the center of the course. 
A and B kneel, supporting the wand or gun on 
the shoulder, as in A and B, Figure 34. C runs 
from team, and arches back while running under 
wand. He tags goal, returns and takes the 
place of A. A then runs to the file and goes 
to the rear. The next man in line when tagged 
does likewise and takes the place of B. The 
race is finished when C gets to the head of the 
team. The same i right or left turn and run 



PROGRESSIVE RELAY RACES 83 

backward. (The grasp of A should be ordinary 
instead of reversed, as in the illustration.) 

285. Run, grasp wand as in D, Figure 34, 
and underswing. Grasp bar as in D, keep arms 
and legs straight, bend body as in 5, Figure 35, 
and underswing as in C, Figure 34. 

286. Underswing as in 285, i right turn of 
body during the swing and run backward. 

287. Same with ^ left turn and run back- 
ward. 

288. Run and jump to front rest as in E, 
Figure 34. 

289. Run and jump to back rest as in A, 
Figure 35. 

Various exercises may be performed in this 
position, such as knees raised forward and legs 
raised forward. 

290. Hang as in 5, Figure 35, and raise legs 
forward. 

Hang as in 5, Figure 35, and feet to bar B. 

291. Chin bar as in C, Figure 35, and raise 
knees forward. 

292. Chin bar as in (7, Figure 35, and raise 
legs forward. 

293. Run, grasp bar, front rest and forward 



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86 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

circle to ground, Figure 36 A. Keep the body 
well doubled up. 

294. Jump to back rest, and backward circle 
to ground as in 5, Figure 36. 

295. Grasp bar and perform a backward 
circle to front rest, dismount and run. Figure 
36 C. 

WANDS OR GUXS USED AS PARALLEL 

BARS 

296. At the start E runs and performs a 
cross rest as in Figure 37 — A, B, C, 2), and 
E. He then dismounts, runs to goal line, 
returns and takes the place of A, who returns to 
team and goes to the rear of the file. The next 
man takes the place of B, next C, and so on 
till the race is finished. ^Tien C is in cross- 
rest position his back is toward the file. 

297. From cross rest, dip by lowering the 
body as in F Figure 37. The posture in F is 
poor. The head and legs should be back, with 
body erect. 

298. All files squat as in Figure 38, hands 
resting lightly on shoulders of man in front 
and run while in this position. 



> 





Figure 39 




,'^> 



Figure 40 



PROGRESSIVE RELAY RACES 89 

299. Hop forward, entire file holding ankle 
of man in front as in E and F, Figure 31. 

300. Hop backward, entire file holding the 
leg which is raised forward. 

BROOM STICK PROGRESSIVE RELAY 

RACES 

301. Three men each with a single stick, cane, 
or broom stick take stations as in 5, C and 
D, Figure 22. At the command ''go,'' A 
(who also has a stick) runs and strikes at 
the head of 5, Figure 39. B protects his 
head by using the head guard, as illustrated 
in figure. B then strikes at the head of 
A. As soon as B strikes at A, he runs and 
strikes at the head of the man at the next 
station, C, C then strikes at B, and runs and 
strikes at the head of D. D then strikes at C 
and runs to the file, hands the stick to the head 
man and goes to the rear. The man to whom 
the stick was handed runs to the first station 
and repeats the movement as described above. 
The person using the vertical or head cut, swings 
the stick between the thumb and first finger in 
the plane, as illustrated in the drawing. Figure 




[ 

i 




¥^:^,:--::y:^ 



Figure 41 




--^ \ 



^^^^^ 



FiGUEE 42 



92 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

39. These movements are not intended to in- 
struct in any system of single stick work, but 
are merely exercises of self-defense with a stick, 
cane, or umbrella. 

302. A performs a right check cut and B 
blocks it by using a right face guard, as in 
Figure 40. The race is run the same as ex- 
plained under Figure 39. The drawing shows 
the direction of the cut, the single stick moving 
to the right in the horizontal plane. 

303. A strikes for the left side of 5's face, 
and B uses a left face guard. The drawing 41 
shows the direction of the cut, which is left in 
the horizontal plane. 

304. A delivers a cut for the right thigh and 
B uses a right thigh guard. Fig. 42 A and 
B. The drawing 42 shows the movement in 
detail. 

305. A strikes at the left thigh of 5, and B 
uses a left thigh guard. Figure 43 A and B. 
The drawing under 43 shows the movement in 
detail. 

306. A undercuts and B blocks the cut as 
shown in Figure 44 A and B. The drawing 
dves the detailed movement. 





7 V 




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1 


I 


1 


■ ■ m ^. ■ ^ 


'^s- 



^ 






CO 

o 



-1 




^.v^^^- 



.:::5> 



Figure 43 







:>> 



Figure 44 



PROGRESSIVE RELAY RACES 95 

PROGRESSION OR BUILDING UP OF 
THE SINGLE STICK MOVEMENTS 

307. A strikes at the head of B. B strikes 
at the head of A. Without a pause, A then 
strikes at the right face of B, and B returns the 
movement. In this and the rest of the exer- 
cises A and B alternate the cuts. 

308. Head Cut and Left Face Cut. Exe- 
cute the movement as explained in 307. 

309. Head cut and right thigh cut. 

310. Head cut and left thigh cut. 

311. Head cut and upper cut. 

312. Right face and left face cut. 

313. Right face and right thigh cut. 

314. Right face and left thigh cut. 

315. Right face and upper cut. 

316. Left face and right thigh cut. 

317. Left face and left thigh cut. 

318. Left face and upper cut. 

319. Right thigh and left thigh cut. 

320. Right thigh and upper cut. 

321. Head, right and left face cut. 

322. Right and left face and right thigh cut. 

323. Left face, right and left thigh cut. 



96 CONTESTS FOR ARMY, NAVY, AND SCHOOL 

324. Right thigh, left thigh, and uppercut. 

825. Use all of the cuts and guards. Head, 
right and left face, right and left thigh and 
uppercut. 

Boxing, wrestling and bayonet practice may 
be arranged and conducted as described in single 
stick work. 



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